SUMANTH IDEANAGARI

Independence Day Honour - Chitradurga District Administration and Shimul

2011-09-25T08:46:00.002+05:30

Independence Day Honour - Chitradurga District Administration and Shimul

Veterinary Sciences and Vet Doctors are in Demand

2011-09-06T14:00:00.004+05:30

Home News Opinion Sport Business Arts Life & Style S & T Education Health EDUCATION » CAREERS

September 5, 2011

Vets in demand

RISHIKESH BAHADUR DESAI

There is a big rush for courses in veterinary and allied sciences

Veterinary and allied sciences have emerged as preferred courses of talented students in recent years. “Just five years ago, we went around colleges sticking posters and distributing pamphlets asking students to study veterinary and allied sciences. Now, we receive 10-15 times the number of applications for the 300-odd seats,” says Suresh Honnappagol, Vice-Chancellor of the Bidar-based Karnataka Veterinary, Animal, Fisheries Sciences University (KVAFSU).

“When the University was formed in 2005, the number of applications received for the 200-odd seats was not more than 300. Now, we receive around 4,500 applications for 300 seats,” he said.

According to him, the reason for this is the increasing employment opportunities for graduates in veterinary and allied subjects. “A fair estimate of vacancies tells us that no veterinary graduate will remain unemployed in the coming decade.” Jobs are being created in government and private sectors at the same rate. “The most lucrative career of a veterinarian is treating pet animals. Nowadays, there are chains of pet care centres and clinics in the metros.”

According to him, around 700 posts of veterinarians are vacant in the State Government services alone. The Government has promised to fill the vacancies. Secondly, the Indian Council of Agriculture Research and other premier agencies are supporting research in an unprecedented manner. These agencies fund several hundred research projects every year and it is not difficult for a passionate student to consider being a researcher all his life.

Corporate investment

“At the national level, there is a 40 per cent vacancy in all teaching and research institutions. The demand for candidates who have completed postgraduation and doctorate courses will not come down for some time now,” he said. “At the same time, the job market has significantly expanded in the private sector. There has been a steady growth of corporate investment in hatcheries, dairies and fish farms. Corporate interest in breeding of exotic birds such as emu is also picking up. All these places need qualified personnel. Several stud farms, equestrian agencies and zoological gardens have also recruited our students. In some States, veterinarians, teachers and researchers have moved from the government to the private sector.''

M.M. Appannanavar, technical advisor to the Vice-Chancellor, pointed out that graduates and postgraduates of dairy sciences are also sought by the defence forces. “The Remount Veterinary Corps of the Indian army, various military farms and cantonment settlements hire veterinarians and dairy technologists. Veterinary surgeons are in great demand in the Middle East where camels are used as draught animals. Postgraduates in fisheries sciences are joining research agencies such as the Food and Agriculture Organisation in India and abroad.”

Stiff compeition

“The cut-off percentage for all categories of students has been increasing every year,” says S.M. Usturge, Dean of the Bidar Veterinary College. Competition for admission is so stiff that the cut-off percentage for various categories of students is almost equal. “This is overwhelming,” Dr. Usturge said.

According to the University's admission records this year, the cut-off percentage for general merit category was 74. It was the same for students of Scheduled Tribe and Backward Class category 1, 2A, 3A and 3B. While the cut-off for 2B category stood at 73 per cent, it was 70 per cent for SC students.

Dr. Appannanavar points to an interesting trend. “The percentage of girls in veterinary and allied courses is increasing. Just ten years ago, there were very few girls in such courses. Now, half the students of fisheries courses are girls. In dairy sciences it is around 40 per cent and in veterinary sciences, girls form nearly 30 per cent of the student population,'' he said.

Similarly popular is the MBA course started recently in the Dairy Sciences College, Bangalore. The course is under self-financing mode. Pass-outs are being placed in food processing industries, dairy units and packaged food trade. The institute admits 20 students per year. Graduates of veterinary and allied sciences are eligible. Those who have passed agriculture, horticulture, sericulture, and BBA and BBM can also apply. Candidates have to face an entrance test and an interview.

From this year the University will start polytechnic colleges that offer diploma courses for youth who have completed SSLC or 10th standard. The objectives behind this move are to produce mid-level workers in animal clinics and to prepare professionals who can rear and manage livestock, poultry, sheep and goat and horses. “The two-year course will not only be job-oriented, but will also help young people set up dairies, poultry or fish farms,'' says Dr. Honnappagol.

Wildlife medicine

An interesting course offered by the University is the Master of Veterinary Sciences in wildlife medicine. A vast campus is coming up on the fringes of the forest in Doddaluvara village in Somwarpet taluk of Kodagu district. It offers postgraduate diplomas and helps researchers obtain doctoral degrees.

The University, started in Bidar in 2005, has Statewide jurisdiction. It has four veterinary colleges, two dairy science colleges and one fisheries college. A veterinary college is proposed at Gadag..

It also has eight research and information centres where farmers are trained in livestock and fish rearing. The University runs an institute for animal health and veterinary biologicals in Bangalore and another one for wildlife research in Kodagu. A vaccine research centre in Belgaum and a toxicological centre in Shimoga are on the anvil.

www.kvafsu.kar.nic.in.

Keywords: veterinary and allied subjects

Vetrinary College, Hassan - Course is Recognised for Sure

2011-08-28T08:49:00.008+05:30

ಪ್ರವೇಶ ನಿರ್ಬಂಧ: ವಿದ್ಯಾರ್ಥಿಗಳಿಗೆ ಆತಂಕ

ಪ್ರಜಾವಾಣಿ ವಾರ್ತೆ

August 27, 2011
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ಹಾಸನದ ಚಿಕ್ಕಹೊನ್ನೇನಹಳ್ಳಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ಪಶು ವೈದ್ಯಕೀಯ ಕಾಲೇಜಿನ ಕಟ್ಟಡ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಕಾರ್ಯ ಭರದಿಂದ ಸಾಗಿದೆ

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ಪಶುವೈದ್ಯಕೀಯ ಕಾಲೇಜು ,

ವಸಂತ ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ ,

ಕೌನ್ಸಿಲ್ ,

ಹಾಸನ: ಹಾಸನ ಪಶುವೈದ್ಯಕೀಯ ಕಾಲೇಜಿಗೆ ಈ ವರ್ಷ ಹೊಸದಾಗಿ ವಿದ್ಯಾರ್ಥಿಗಳ ಪ್ರವೇಶ ಮಾಡಿಕೊಳ್ಳಬಾರದು ಎಂದು ವೆಟರಿನರಿ ಕೌನ್ಸಿಲ್ ಆಫ್ ಇಂಡಿಯಾ ಶುಕ್ರವಾರ ಸಾರ್ವಜನಿಕ ನೋಟಿಸ್ ನೀಡಿದೆ. ಆದರೆ ಕಾಲೇಜಿನಲ್ಲಿ ಪ್ರಸಕ್ತ ಸಾಲಿನಲ್ಲಿ ಈಗಾಗಲೇ ಐವತ್ತು ವಿದ್ಯಾರ್ಥಿಗಳು ಪ್ರವೇಶ ಪಡೆದಿದ್ದು, ವಿದ್ಯಾರ್ಥಿಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಆತಂಕ ಮೂಡಿಸಿದೆ.

ನಗರದಲ್ಲಿ 2007ರಲ್ಲಿ ಕಾರ್ಯಾರಂಭ ಮಾಡಿದ ಪಶುವೈದ್ಯಕೀಯ ಕಾಲೇಜಿನಲ್ಲಿ ಭೌತಿಕ ಹಾಗೂ ಮಾನವ ಸಂಪನ್ಮೂಲದ ಕೊರತೆ ಇದೆ ಎಂದು ಕೌನ್ಸಿಲ್ ಹೇಳಿದೆ. ಈ ಕಾರಣಕ್ಕಾಗಿಯೇ ಕಾಲೇಜಿನಲ್ಲಿ ಈ ವರ್ಷ ಪ್ರವೇಶಾವಕಾಶವನ್ನು ನಿರಾಕರಿಸಿದೆ.

ಆದರೆ ನೋಟಿಸ್‌ನಿಂದ ವಿದ್ಯಾರ್ಥಿಗಳಿಗೆ ಯಾವುದೇ ತೊಂದರೆಯಾಗದು ಎಂದು ಕಾಲೇಜಿನ ಡೀನ್ ವಸಂತ ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ ಭರವಸೆ ನೀಡಿದ್ದಾರೆ. ಶುಕ್ರವಾರ `ಪ್ರಜಾವಾಣಿ` ಜತೆ ಮಾತನಾಡಿದ ಅವರು, `ನೋಟಿಸ್‌ನಿಂದ ಸ್ವಲ್ಪ ಇರಿಸುಮುರುಸಾಗಿರುವುದು ಮತ್ತು ವಿದ್ಯಾರ್ಥಿಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಗೊಂದಲ ಉಂಟಾಗಿರುವುದು ನಿಜ. ಆದರೆ ಈ ವರ್ಷ ಪ್ರವೇಶ ಪಡೆದಿರುವ ವಿದ್ಯಾರ್ಥಿಗಳಿಗೆ ಯಾವುದೇ ತೊಂದರೆಯಾಗುವುದಿಲ್ಲ.

ಕಾಲೇಜಿನಲ್ಲಿ ಪ್ರವೇಶಾವಕಾಶಕ್ಕೆ ತಡೆ ಮಾಡಲಾಗಿದೆಯೇ ವಿನಾ ಮಾನ್ಯತೆ ರದ್ದಾಗಿಲ್ಲ. 2012ರೊಳಗೆ ಎಲ್ಲ ಸೌಲಭ್ಯಗಳನ್ನು ಕಲ್ಪಿಸಿದರೆ ಕಾಲೇಜಿಗೆ ಮಾನ್ಯತೆ ಬಂದೇ ಬರುತ್ತದೆ. ಈ ವಿದ್ಯಾರ್ಥಿಗಳು ಅಂತಿಮ ವರ್ಷ ಪ್ರವೇಶಿಸುವುದರೊಳಗೆ ಕಾಲೇಜಿನಲ್ಲಿ ಎಲ್ಲ ಸೌಲಭ್ಯಗಳು ಬರಲಿವೆ` ಎಂದರು.

`ಶಿಕ್ಷಣಕ್ಕೆ ತೊಂದರೆಯಾಗಬಾರದೆಂಬ ಹಿನ್ನೆಲೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ಈ ವರ್ಷ ಅಂತಿಮ ವರ್ಷದಲ್ಲಿರುವ ವಿದ್ಯಾರ್ಥಿಗಳನ್ನು ಬೆಂಗಳೂರಿನ ಪಶುವೈದ್ಯಕೀಯ ಕಾಲೇಜಿಗೆ ವರ್ಗಾವಣೆ ಮಾಡಲಾಗಿದೆ. ಕಾಲೇಜಿನಲ್ಲಿ 91 ಉಪನ್ಯಾಸಕರು ಇರಬೇಕಾಗಿತ್ತು. ಆದರೆ 23 ಮಂದಿ ಇದ್ದಾರೆ. ಕೌನ್ಸಿಲ್‌ನ ಆಕ್ಷೇಪಕ್ಕೆ ಇದೇ ಮುಖ್ಯ ಕಾರಣ ಇರಬಹುದು.

ಸಿಬ್ಬಂದಿ ನೇಮಕ ಪ್ರಕ್ರಿಯೆ ಈಗಾಗಲೇ ಆರಂಭವಾಗಿದೆ. ಹಾಸನ ಮತ್ತು ಶಿವಮೊಗ್ಗದ ಪಶುವೈದ್ಯಕೀಯ ಕಾಲೇಜಿಗಾಗಿ 200 ಸಿಬ್ಬಂದಿ ನೇಮಕಕ್ಕೆ ಕಳೆದ ತಿಂಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ನೋಟಿಫಿಕೇಶನ್ ಆಗಿದೆ. ಸೆಪ್ಟೆಂಬರ್ ತಿಂಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಎಲ್ಲ ಹುದ್ದೆಗಳೂ ಭರ್ತಿಯಾಗಲಿವೆ.

ಕಟ್ಟಡ ಹಾಗೂ ಇನ್ನಿತರ ಸೌಲಭ್ಯಗಳಿಗೆ ಸರ್ಕಾರ ಕಳೆದ ವರ್ಷ 10 ಕೋಟಿ ರೂಪಾಯಿ ಅನುದಾನ ನೀಡಿತ್ತು. ಅದನ್ನು ಸಂಪೂರ್ಣವಾಗಿ ಬಳಕೆ ಮಾಡಿದ್ದೇವೆ. ಕಟ್ಟಡ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಕಾರ್ಯ ಭರದಿಂದ ನಡೆಯುತ್ತಿದೆ. ಈ ವರ್ಷ 30 ಕೋಟಿ ರೂಪಾಯಿ ಬರಬೇಕು. ಹಣ ಬಂದರೆ ವರ್ಷದೊಳಗೆ ಕಟ್ಟಡ ಪೂರ್ಣಗೊಂಡು ಹಾಸನದಲ್ಲೇ ಅತಿ ದೊಡ್ಡ ಕಟ್ಟಡ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣವಾಗಲಿದೆ. 2012ರೊಳಗೆ ಎಲ್ಲ ಸೌಲಭ್ಯಗಳನ್ನು ಪೂರ್ಣಗೊಳಿಸುತ್ತೇವೆ ಎಂಬ ಭರವಸೆ ನಮಗಿದೆ` ಎಂದು ವಸಂತ ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ ತಿಳಿಸಿದರು.

`ಇದೇ ಮೊದಲಲ್ಲ, 2008-09ನೇ ಸಾಲಿನ್ಲ್ಲಲೂ ವಿದ್ಯಾರ್ಥಿಗಳಿಗೆ ಪ್ರವೇಶ ನೀಡದಂತೆ ಕೌನ್ಸಿಲ್ ನಮಗೆ ಸೂಚನೆ ನೀಡಿತ್ತು. ಆದರೆ ಕಟ್ಟಡ ಕಾಮಗಾರಿ ಭರದಿಂದ ನಡೆಯುತ್ತಿದೆ ಎಂದು ಅವರಿಗೆ ಭರವಸೆ ನೀಡಿ, ಸ್ಥಳಕ್ಕೆ ಬಂದು ಪರಿಶೀಲನೆ ನಡೆಸುವಂತೆ ಮನವಿ ಮಾಡಿದ್ದೆವು. ಅದರಂತೆ ಅವರು ಬಂದು ಪ್ರಗತಿ ನೋಡಿ ಪ್ರವೇಶ ಮುಂದುವರಿಸಬಹುದು ಎಂದಿದ್ದರು.

ಈ ಬಾರಿಯೂ ಕೌನ್ಸಿಲ್‌ಗೆ ಎಲ್ಲ ವಿವರಗಳನ್ನು ನೀಡಿದ್ದೆವು. ಆದರೆ ಈ ನೋಟಿಸ್ ಸ್ವಲ್ಪ ಅಚ್ಚರಿ ಮೂಡಿಸಿದೆ. ಏನೇ ಇದ್ದರೂ ವಿದ್ಯಾರ್ಥಿಗಳಿಗೆ ತೊಂದರೆಯಾಗದಂತೆ ಎಲ್ಲ ಎಚ್ಚರಿಕೆ ಕ್ರಮಗಳನ್ನು ಕೈಗೊಳ್ಳುತ್ತೇವೆ.

Hassan, August 28, 2011

Course not recognised, says veterinary council

Staff Correspondent - G T Sathish

With the Veterinary Council of India refusing recognition to courses offered by the Government Veterinary College here, students are a worried lot. The council recently issued a statement that the Bachelor of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry course offered by the college was not recognised. It directed the college not to admit students in 2008 and the admission was stopped. However, the State Government admitted students from 2009-10.The council said its stand remained unchanged, as the college did not have the required infrastructure on its campus.

The college was set up in 2007, and the first batch of students will complete the course in mid-2012. Since its inception, the college has been functioning in a building owned by the Sericulture Department.

“We have shifted the first batch of students to the Government Veterinary College, Bangalore,” Dr. Vasanth Shetty, Dean, said. He said the Government had taken steps to improve infrastructure on the campus. The new building would be completed in 2012.

Hassan Veterinary College yet to get its own building

Sathish G.T.Snail's pace: The first phase of construction of the building is expected to be complete in 2012.

With the new batch of 50 students set to join the veterinary college here on August 1, the authorities are a worried lot as the construction of the new building is yet to be completed.

Thus, the newcomers will have to study in congested rooms on the premises of the Sericulture Training Centre, where the college has been functioning since it was set up in 2007.

Now, the college is functioning in a 54.32-acre plot and the space is insufficient for a veterinary college, as per the guidelines of the Veterinary Council of India. According to the council, a veterinary college should function on a 150-acre campus. Also, the college is yet to get recognition from the council. It could not admit students in 2008-09 as the council said it did not have proper infrastructure. Dr. Vasanth M. Shetty, dean, said: “We are hoping to get recognition by August 2012.”

Congested rooms

Now, 109 students are studying in congested classrooms. There are no separate rooms for many departments. The buildings allotted for hostels also don't have proper facilities, prompting students to look for private buildings in nearby villages.

Against the requirement of 91 teaching staff, there are only 23 people working there.

The State Government has allotted 76 acres for a building and other infrastructure for the college near Chikkanhonnenahalli in Hassan taluk. Dr. Shetty said the first phase of construction, which included the main building and hostels, would be completed by August 2012.

However, the dean said at least Rs. 30 crore more was needed to complete the first phase of construction and the Government had allocated only Rs. 5 crore in the budget this year. Dr. Shetty said the Government should release more funds for completion of the work.

The college is now functioning on the premises of the Sericulture Training Centr

New batch of 50 students will join the college on August 1

http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/article2222751.ece

It is twilight for these rescued animals

STAFF REPORTER

Bannerghatta Biological Park says 55 big cats seriously ill

safe and sound: White tigeress Preetha,19, who has a growth in her eye, was successfully operated upon on Monday.

A special “clinical” and “biological” observation carried out by Bannerghatta Biological Park's (BBP) Rescue Centre has revealed that many of its 55 lions and tigers — most rescued from circuses and quite old — are seriously ill, some in terminal stages.

As many as 21 of the big cats had serious health complications such as malfunction of liver and kidney and are now under immediate intensive care and medication, said a press release from BBP.

The situation is “not satisfactory but manageable for the time being,” it said. Of the 55 animals (53 lions and 2 tigers), aged between 15 and 24 years, most have lived well above their natural lifespan, sources said.

In their natural habitat, lions and tigers live from 15 to 18 years, while in captivity, their life span increases to 18 to 22 years. Three of these animals were successfully operated upon on Monday and are being closely monitored.

They include a 20-year-old male lion named Gemini suffering from suspected fibroma; 19-year-old lioness Jamuna, suspected to suffer from cystitis; and a white tigress Preetha, also 19, who has a growth in her eye.

Another lioness, Priya, aged 24, is suffering from senile atrophy of organs and is also under intensive care and management. “It appears she is heading to the natural end of her life due to old age,” said the note.

The team of experts attending to the animals is headed by Vasanth M. Shetty, Dean of Veterinary College and B.C. Chittiappa, Assistant Director (Veterinary Service), Bannerghatta Biological Park.

Congratulations Dr. Vasath M. Shetty and Team of Experts

Bedre Sumanth II PUC Distinction 564 Total 94%

2011-05-10T17:18:00.002+05:30

Bedre Sumanth II PUC Distinction 564 Total 94%

II PUC Examination 2011 Admission Ticket of Bedre M Sumanth

2011-03-10T14:38:00.002+05:30

II PUC Examination 2011 Admission Ticket of Bedre M Sumanth

Karnataka CET 2011 - Entrance Examination for Engineering and Medical Colleges

2011-03-05T14:07:00.002+05:30

http://issuu.com/BedreManjunath/docs/karnataka_cet_2011

Open publication - Free publishing

http://kea.kar.nic.in/cet2011/Brochure.htm

Karnataka CET 2011 - Entrance Examination for Engineering and Medical Colleges

II PUC and SSLC Examination Preparation Radio Phone in Programmes 2010-2011 on All India Radio Chitradurga

2010-12-28T14:37:00.001+05:30

II PUC and SSLC Examination Preparation Radio Phone in Programmes 2010-2011 on All India Radio Chitradurga

II P U C Examination 2011 Time Table

2010-12-20T14:08:00.000+05:30

II P U C Examination 2011 Time Table

Nobel Prize in Economics 2010 - Peter A. Diamond, Dale T. Mortensen, Christopher A. Pissarides

2010-10-11T21:15:00.000+05:30

The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2010

Photo: MIT

Photo: Lars Kruse/AU-foto

Photo: Nigel Stead/LSE

Peter A. Diamond

Dale T. Mortensen

Christopher A. Pissarides

The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2010 was awarded jointly to Peter A. Diamond, Dale T. Mortensen and Christopher A. Pissarides "for their analysis of markets with search frictions".

English
English (pdf)

Swedish
Swedish (pdf)

Press Release

11 October 2010
The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has decided to award The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel for 2010 to
Peter A. Diamond
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA,

Dale T. Mortensen
Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
and
Christopher A. Pissarides
London School of Economics and Political Science, UK
"for their analysis of markets with search frictions"

Markets with search costs

Why are so many people unemployed at the same time that there are a large number of job openings? How can economic policy affect unemployment? This year's Laureates have developed a theory which can be used to answer these questions. This theory is also applicable to markets other than the labor market.

On many markets, buyers and sellers do not always make contact with one another immediately. This concerns, for example, employers who are looking for employees and workers who are trying to find jobs. Since the search process requires time and resources, it creates frictions in the market. On such search markets, the demands of some buyers will not be met, while some sellers cannot sell as much as they would wish. Simultaneously, there are both job vacancies and unemployment on the labor market.
This year's three Laureates have formulated a theoretical framework for search markets. Peter Diamond has analyzed the foundations of search markets. Dale Mortensen and Christopher Pissarides have expanded the theory and have applied it to the labor market. The Laureates' models help us understand the ways in which unemployment, job vacancies, and wages are affected by regulation and economic policy. This may refer to benefit levels in unemployment insurance or rules in regard to hiring and firing. One conclusion is that more generous unemployment benefits give rise to higher unemployment and longer search times.
Search theory has been applied to many other areas in addition to the labor market. This includes, in particular, the housing market. The number of homes for sale varies over time, as does the time it takes for a house to find a buyer and the parties to agree on the price. Search theory has also been used to study questions related to monetary theory, public economics, financial economics, regional economics, and family economics.

Peter A. Diamond, US citizen. Born 1940 in New York City, NY, USA. Ph.D. 1963, Institute Professor and Professor of Economics, all at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA.
http://econ-www.mit.edu/faculty/pdiamond
Dale T. Mortensen, US citizen. Born 1939 in Enterprise, OR, USA. Ph.D. 1967 from Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. Ida C. Cook Professor of Economics at Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
http://faculty.wcas.northwestern.edu/~dtmort
Christopher A. Pissarides, British and Cypriot citizen. Born 1948 in Nicosia, Cyprus. Ph.D. 1973, Professor of Economics and Norman Sosnow Chair in Economics, all at London School of Economics and Political Science, UK.
http://personal.lse.ac.uk/pissarid
The Prize amount: SEK 10 million, to be shared equally between the Laureates.
Contact: Erik Huss, Press Officer and Editor, phone +46 8 673 95 44, +46 70 673 96 50, erik.huss@kva.se

The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, founded in 1739, is an independent organization whose overall objective is to promote the sciences and strengthen their influence in society. The Academy takes special responsibility for the natural sciences and mathematics, but endeavours to promote the exchange of ideas between various disciplines.

Popular Information

Information for the Public

Information for the Public

http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economics/laureates/2010/info.html

Scientific Background

Scientific Background
http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economics/laureates/2010/sci.html

The Nobel Peace Prize 2010 - Liu Xiaobo - The Human Rights Champion

2010-10-08T14:50:00.000+05:30

The Nobel Peace Prize 2010

Liu Xiaobo

Residence at the time of the award: China

Prize motivation: "for his long and non-violent struggle for fundamental human rights in China"

Biographical

Photo: Wikidemia Commons

Liu Xiaobo

The Nobel Peace Prize 2010 was awarded to Liu Xiaobo "for his long and non-violent struggle for fundamental human rights in China".

http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/2010/

English
Norwegian

The Nobel Peace Prize for 2010

The Norwegian Nobel Committee has decided to award the Nobel Peace Prize for 2010 to Liu Xiaobo for his long and non-violent struggle for fundamental human rights in China. The Norwegian Nobel Committee has long believed that there is a close connection between human rights and peace. Such rights are a prerequisite for the "fraternity between nations" of which Alfred Nobel wrote in his will.

Over the past decades, China has achieved economic advances to which history can hardly show any equal. The country now has the world's second largest economy; hundreds of millions of people have been lifted out of poverty. Scope for political participation has also broadened.

China's new status must entail increased responsibility. China is in breach of several international agreements to which it is a signatory, as well as of its own provisions concerning political rights. Article 35 of China's constitution lays down that "Citizens of the People's Republic of China enjoy freedom of speech, of the press, of assembly, of association, of procession and of demonstration". In practice, these freedoms have proved to be distinctly curtailed for China's citizens.

For over two decades, Liu Xiaobo has been a strong spokesman for the application of fundamental human rights also in China. He took part in the Tiananmen protests in 1989; he was a leading author behind Charter 08, the manifesto of such rights in China which was published on the 60th anniversary of the United Nations' Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the 10th of December 2008. The following year, Liu was sentenced to eleven years in prison and two years' deprivation of political rights for “inciting subversion of state power". Liu has consistently maintained that the sentence violates both China's own constitution and fundamental human rights.

The campaign to establish universal human rights also in China is being waged by many Chinese, both in China itself and abroad. Through the severe punishment meted out to him, Liu has become the foremost symbol of this wide-ranging struggle for human rights in China.

Oslo, October 8, 2010

http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/2010/press.html

Congratulations Sir.

The Nobel Prize in Literature 2010 - Mario Vargas Llosa

2010-10-07T20:57:00.001+05:30

The Nobel Prize in Literature 2010

Mario Vargas Llosa

Mario Vargas Llosa

Born: 28 March 1936, Arequipa, Peru

Prize motivation: "for his cartography of structures of power and his trenchant images of the individual's resistance, revolt, and defeat"

Photo: Ulla Montan/Norstedts

Mario Vargas Llosa

The Nobel Prize in Literature 2010 was awarded to Mario Vargas Llosa "for his cartography of structures of power and his trenchant images of the individual's resistance, revolt, and defeat".

http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/2010/press.html

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French [pdf]

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German [pdf]

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Spanish [pdf]

The Permanent Secretary

Press Release
7 October 2010

The Nobel Prize in Literature 2010

Mario Vargas Llosa

The Nobel Prize in Literature for 2010 is awarded to the Peruvian author Mario Vargas Llosa

"for his cartography of structures of power and his trenchant images of the individual’s resistance, revolt, and defeat".

English
English [pdf]

Swedish
Swedish [pdf]

French
French [pdf]

German
German [pdf]

Spanish
Spanish [pdf]

Biobibliographical notes

Mario Vargas Llosa was born on March 28, 1936 in Arequipa, Peru to Ernesto Vargas Maldonado and Dora Llosa Ureta. After his parents divorced, he grew up with his mother and grandfather in the city of Cochabamba in Bolivia. The family moved to Piura, Peru in 1946 where his grandfather held an appointment as a civil servant. His parents were reunited in 1947 and settled in Lima. Mario Vargas Llosa went to a Catholic school in Lima. Later his father sent him to the military school, Leoncio Prado. After graduating from Colegio Nacional San Miguel in Piura, Mario Vargas Llosa studied law and literature in Lima and Madrid. In 1955, he married Julia Urquidi. In 1959, he moved to Paris where he worked as a language teacher and as a journalist for Agence-France-Presse and the national television service of France. As an author, he had an international breakthrough with the novel La ciudad y los perros (1963; The Time of the Hero, 1966). This novel, which builds on experiences from Leoncio Prado, was considered controversial in his home land. A thousand copies were burnt publicly by officers from Leoncio Prado. In 1964 Mario Vargas Llosa divorced Julia Urquidi. The following year, he married his cousin, Patricia Llosa. After having lived alternately in Paris, Lima, London and Barcelona, he returned to Lima in 1974. In 1975 he was elected to the Peruvian Academy. He has lectured and taught at a number of universities in the USA, South America and Europe. In 1990 he ran for the Presidency representing the FREDEMO alliance in Peru, but lost the election. In 1994 he was elected to the Spanish Academy, where he took his seat in 1996. In recent years he has lived in Barcelona, Madrid, Lima, Paris and London. His well known works include Conversación en la catedral (1969; Conversation in the Cathedral, 1975), La guerra del fin del mundo (1981; The War of the End of the World, 1984) and La fiesta del chivo (2000; The Feast of the Goat, 2001). He is also a noted journalist and essayist.

http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/2010/bio-bibl.html

Other Resources

Links to other sites

Mario Vargas Llosa's official web site

On Mario Vargas Llosa from Pegasos Author's Calendar

Photo Gallery

Mario Vargas Llosa signing books. Photo taken in Pietrasanta, Italy, on June 13, 2010.
Photo: Daniele Devoti, Creative Commons

Mario Vargas Llosa (left) with Mexican author Carlos Fuentes (right) at Harvard University. Photo taken in April 1979.
Photo: Mario Vargas Llosa official web site

Mario Vargas Llosa with his daughter Morgana. Photo taken in 1979.
Photo: Mario Vargas Llosa official web site

Mario Vargas Llosa with his son Alvaro. Photo taken in Cuzco, 1978.
Photo: Mario Vargas Llosa official web site

Mario Vargas Llosa signing books, together with his sons, Gonzalo and Alvaro. Photo taken in Sevilla in April 1974.
Photo: Mario Vargas Llosa official web site

Mario Vargas Llosa (right) and Gabriel García Márquez (far left). Photo taken in 1972.
Photo: Mario Vargas Llosa official web site

From left to right: José Miguel Oviedo, Mario Vargas Llosa, Marta de Oviedo, Mercedes de García Márquez and Gabriel García Márquez. Photo taken in Lima, 1967.
Photo: Mario Vargas Llosa official web site

Back row from left: Simone de Beauvoir, Jean Paul Sartre, Mario Vargas Llosa and Daniel Mayer defending Peruvian political prisoners. Photo taken in Paris, April 1967.
Photo: M.C. Orive
Credits: Mario Vargas Llosa official web site

Mario Vargas Llosa and his wife Patricia. Photo taken in 1967.
Photo: Mario Vargas Llosa official web site

Mario Vargas Llosa, as a child, together with his mother.
Photo: Mario Vargas Llosa official web site

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2010 - Awarded jointly to Richard F. Heck, Ei-ichi Negishi and Akira Suzuki

2010-10-06T21:38:00.001+05:30

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2010

Richard F. Heck

Interview
Richard F. Heck

Born: 1931, Springfield, MA, USA

Affiliation at the time of the award: University of Delaware, USA

Prize motivation: "for palladium-catalyzed cross couplings in organic synthesis"

Ei-ichi Negishi

Interview
Other Resources
Ei-ichi Negishi

Born: 1935

Affiliation at the time of the award: Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA

Prize motivation: "for palladium-catalyzed cross couplings in organic synthesis"

Photo: Purdue University, USA

Akira Suzuki

Biographical
Nobel Lecture
Akira Suzuki

Born: 1930, Mukawa, Japan

Affiliation at the time of the award: Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan

Prize motivation: "for palladium-catalyzed cross couplings in organic synthesis"

Photo: Hokkaido University,

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2010 was awarded jointly to Richard F. Heck, Ei-ichi Negishi and Akira Suzuki "for palladium-catalyzed cross couplings in organic synthesis".

http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2010/press.html

English
English (pdf)

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Swedish (pdf)

Japanese
(pdf)

Press Release

6 October 2010

The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has decided to award the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for 2010 to

Richard F. Heck
University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA,

Ei-ichi Negishi
Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA

and

Akira Suzuki
Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan

"for palladium-catalyzed cross couplings in organic synthesis"

Great art in a test tube

Organic chemistry has developed into an art form where scientists produce marvelous chemical creations in their test tubes. Mankind benefits from this in the form of medicines, ever-more precise electronics and advanced technological materials. The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2010 awards one of the most sophisticated tools available to chemists today.

This year's Nobel Prize in Chemistry is awarded to Richard F. Heck, Ei-ichi Negishi and Akira Suzuki for the development of palladium-catalyzed cross coupling. This chemical tool has vastly improved the possibilities for chemists to create sophisticated chemicals, for example carbon-based molecules as complex as those created by nature itself.

Carbon-based (organic) chemistry is the basis of life and is responsible for numerous fascinating natural phenomena: colour in flowers, snake poison and bacteria killing substances such as penicillin. Organic chemistry has allowed man to build on nature's chemistry; making use of carbon’s ability to provide a stable skeleton for functional molecules. This has given mankind new medicines and revolutionary materials such as plastics.

In order to create these complex chemicals, chemists need to be able to join carbon atoms together. However, carbon is stable and carbon atoms do not easily react with one another. The first methods used by chemists to bind carbon atoms together were therefore based upon various techniques for rendering carbon more reactive. Such methods worked when creating simple molecules, but when synthesizing more complex molecules chemists ended up with too many unwanted by-products in their test tubes.

Palladium-catalyzed cross coupling solved that problem and provided chemists with a more precise and efficient tool to work with. In the Heck reaction, Negishi reaction and Suzuki reaction, carbon atoms meet on a palladium atom, whereupon their proximity to one another kick-starts the chemical reaction.

Palladium-catalyzed cross coupling is used in research worldwide, as well as in the commercial production of for example pharmaceuticals and molecules used in the electronics industry.

Richard F. Heck, American citizen. Born 1931 in Springfield, MA, USA. Ph.D. 1954 from University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), CA, USA. Willis F. Harrington Professor Emeritus at University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA.

Ei-ichi Negishi, Japanese citizen. Born 1935 in Changchun, China (former Japan). Ph.D. 1963 from University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. Herbert C. Brown Distinguished Professor of Chemistry at Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
www.chem.purdue.edu/negishi/index.htm

Akira Suzuki, Japanese citizen. Born 1930 in Mukawa, Japan. Ph.D. 1959, Distinguished Professor Emeritus, both at Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.

The Prize amount: SEK 10 million to be shared equally between the Nobel Laureates
Contacts: Erik Huss, Press Officer, phone +46 8 673 95 44, +46 70 673 96 50, erik.huss@kva.se
Annika Moberg, Editor, Phone +46 8 673 95 22, +46 70 263 74 46, annika.moberg@kva.se

http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2010/sci.html

Scientific Background
Pdf 1 Mb

Information for the Public
Pdf 1 Mb

Nobel Prize in Physics 2010 to Andre Geim, Konstantin Novoselov

2010-10-05T17:35:00.000+05:30

http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2010/

The Nobel Prize in Physics 2010

Andre Geim, Konstantin Novoselov

The Nobel Prize in Physics 2010

Andre Geim

Other Resources

Konstantin Novoselov

Other Resources

Photo: Sergeom, Wikimedia Commons

Photo: University of Manchester, UK

Andre Geim

Konstantin Novoselov

The Nobel Prize in Physics 2010 was awarded jointly to Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov "for groundbreaking experiments regarding the two-dimensional material graphene"

Andre Geim, Konstantin Novoselov

The Nobel Prize in Physics 2010

Andre Geim

Other Resources

Konstantin Novoselov

Other Resources

Andre Geim

Born: 1958, Sochi, Russia

Affiliation at the time of the award: University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom

Prize motivation: "for groundbreaking experiments regarding the two-dimensional material graphene"

Photo: Sergeom, Wikimedia Commons

Andre Geim, Konstantin Novoselov

The Nobel Prize in Physics 2010

Andre Geim

Other Resources

Konstantin Novoselov

Other Resources

Konstantin Novoselov

Born: 1974, Nizhny Tagil, Russia

Affiliation at the time of the award: University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom

Prize motivation: "for groundbreaking experiments regarding the two-dimensional material graphene"

Photo: University of Manchester, UK

http://static.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2010/sciback_phy_10.pdf

Popular Information

Information for the Public
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Photo Gallery

Graphene is an atomic-scale honeycomb lattice made of carbon atoms.
Photo: Alexander Alus, licensed by Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0

English
English (pdf)

Swedish
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Russian (pdf)

Press Release

5 October 2010

The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has decided to award the Nobel Prize in Physics for 2010 to

Andre Geim
University of Manchester, UK

and

Konstantin Novoselov
University of Manchester, UK

"for groundbreaking experiments regarding the two-dimensional material graphene"

Graphene – the perfect atomic lattice

A thin flake of ordinary carbon, just one atom thick, lies behind this year’s Nobel Prize in Physics. Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov have shown that carbon in such a flat form has exceptional properties that originate from the remarkable world of quantum physics.

Graphene is a form of carbon. As a material it is completely new – not only the thinnest ever but also the strongest. As a conductor of electricity it performs as well as copper. As a conductor of heat it outperforms all other known materials. It is almost completely transparent, yet so dense that not even helium, the smallest gas atom, can pass through it. Carbon, the basis of all known life on earth, has surprised us once again.

Geim and Novoselov extracted the graphene from a piece of graphite such as is found in ordinary pencils. Using regular adhesive tape they managed to obtain a flake of carbon with a thickness of just one atom. This at a time when many believed it was impossible for such thin crystalline materials to be stable.

However, with graphene, physicists can now study a new class of two-dimensional materials with unique properties. Graphene makes experiments possible that give new twists to the phenomena in quantum physics. Also a vast variety of practical applications now appear possible including the creation of new materials and the manufacture of innovative electronics. Graphene transistors are predicted to be substantially faster than today’s silicon transistors and result in more efficient computers.

Since it is practically transparent and a good conductor, graphene is suitable for producing transparent touch screens, light panels, and maybe even solar cells.

When mixed into plastics, graphene can turn them into conductors of electricity while making them more heat resistant and mechanically robust. This resilience can be utilised in new super strong materials, which are also thin, elastic and lightweight. In the future, satellites, airplanes, and cars could be manufactured out of the new composite materials.

This year’s Laureates have been working together for a long time now. Konstantin Novoselov, 36, first worked with Andre Geim, 51, as a PhD-student in the Netherlands. He subsequently followed Geim to the United Kingdom. Both of them originally studied and began their careers as physicists in Russia. Now they are both professors at the University of Manchester.

Playfulness is one of their hallmarks, one always learns something in the process and, who knows, you may even hit the jackpot. Like now when they, with graphene, write themselves into the annals of science.

Read more about this year's prize

Information for the Public

Scientific Background (pdf)

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Links and Further Reading

Andre Geim, Dutch citizen. Born 1958 in Sochi, Russia. Ph.D. 1987 from Institute of Solid State Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Russia. Director of Manchester Centre for Meso-science & Nanotechnology, Langworthy Professor of Physics and Royal Society 2010 Anniversary Research Professor, University of Manchester, UK.
www.condmat.physics.manchester.ac.uk/people/academic/geim

Konstantin Novoselov, Brittish and Russian citizen. Born 1974 in Nizhny Tagil, Russia. Ph.D. 2004 from Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands. Professor and Royal Society Research Fellow, University of Manchester, UK.
www.condmat.physics.manchester.ac.uk/people/academic/novoselov

Prize amount: SEK 10 million to be shared equally between the Nobel Laureates.

Contact persons: Erik Huss, Press Officer, Phone +46 8 673 95 44, mobile +46 70 673 96 50, erik.huss@kva.se
Fredrik All, Editor, Phone +46 8 673 95 63, Mobile +46 70 673 95 63, fredrik.all@kva.se

Congratulations!

Nobel Prize for Medicine 2010 - Robert G. Edwards for the Development of in vitro fertilization

2010-10-05T08:05:00.000+05:30

Nobel Prize for Medicine 2010 - Robert G. Edwards for the Development of in vitro fertilization

Nobel Prize for Medicine 2010 Robert G. Edwards for the Development of in vitro fertilization
http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/

http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2010/adv.pdf

Robert G. Edwards

Born: 1925, Manchester, United Kingdom

Affiliation at the time of the award: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Prize motivation: "for the development of in vitro fertilization"

Press Release

2010-10-04

The Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institutet has today decided to award

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2010

to

Robert G. Edwards

for the development of in vitro fertilization

Summary

Robert Edwards is awarded the 2010 Nobel Prize for the development of human in vitro fertilization (IVF) therapy. His achievements have made it possible to treat infertility, a medical condition afflicting a large proportion of humanity including more than 10% of all couples worldwide.

As early as the 1950s, Edwards had the vision that IVF could be useful as a treatment for infertility. He worked systematically to realize his goal, discovered important principles for human fertilization, and succeeded in accomplishing fertilization of human egg cells in test tubes (or more precisely, cell culture dishes). His efforts were finally crowned by success on 25 July, 1978, when the world's first "test tube baby" was born. During the following years, Edwards and his co-workers refined IVF technology and shared it with colleagues around the world.

Approximately four million individuals have so far been born following IVF. Many of them are now adult and some have already become parents. A new field of medicine has emerged, with Robert Edwards leading the process all the way from the fundamental discoveries to the current, successful IVF therapy. His contributions represent a milestone in the development of modern medicine.

Infertility – a medical and psychological problem

More than 10% of all couples worldwide are infertile. For many of them, this is a great disappointment and for some causes lifelong psychological trauma. Medicine has had limited opportunities to help these individuals in the past. Today, the situation is entirely different. In vitro fertilization (IVF) is an established therapy when sperm and egg cannot meet inside the body.

Basic research bears fruit

The British scientist Robert Edwards began his fundamental research on the biology of fertilization in the 1950s. He soon realized that fertilization outside the body could represent a possible treatment of infertility. Other scientists had shown that egg cells from rabbits could be fertilized in test tubes when sperm was added, giving rise to offspring. Edwards decided to investigate if similar methods could be used to fertilize human egg cells.

It turned out that human eggs have an entirely different life cycle than those of rabbits. In a series of experimental studies conducted together with several different co-workers, Edwards made a number of fundamental discoveries. He clarified how human eggs mature, how different hormones regulate their maturation, and at which time point the eggs are susceptible to the fertilizing sperm. He also determined the conditions under which sperm is activated and has the capacity to fertilize the egg. In 1969, his efforts met with success when, for the first time, a human egg was fertilized in a test tube.

In spite of this success, a major problem remained. The fertilized egg did not develop beyond a single cell division. Edwards suspected that eggs that had matured in the ovaries before they were removed for IVF would function better, and looked for possible ways to obtain such eggs in a safe way.

From experiment to clinical medicine

Edwards contacted the gynecologist Patrick Steptoe. He became the clinician who, together with Edwards, developed IVF from experiment to practical medicine. Steptoe was one of the pioneers in laparoscopy, a technique that was new and controversial at the time. It allows inspection of the ovaries through an optical instrument. Steptoe used the laparoscope to remove eggs from the ovaries and Edwards put the eggs in cell culture and added sperm. The fertilized egg cells now divided several times and formed early embryos, 8 cells in size (see figure).

These early studies were promising but the Medical Research Council decided not to fund a continuation of the project. However, a private donation allowed the work to continue. The research also became the topic of a lively ethical debate that was initiated by Edwards himself. Several religious leaders, ethicists, and scientists demanded that the project be stopped, while others gave it their support.

The birth of Louise Brown - an historic event

Edwards and Steptoe could continue their research thanks to the new donation. By analyzing the patients' hormone levels, they could determine the best time point for fertilization and maximize the chances for success. In 1978, Lesley and John Brown came to the clinic after nine years of failed attempts to have a child. IVF treatment was carried out, and when the fertilized egg had developed into an embryo with 8 cells, it was returned to Mrs. Brown. A healthy baby, Louise Brown, was born through Caesarian section after a full-term pregnancy, on 25 July, 1978. IVF had moved from vision to reality and a new era in medicine had begun.

IVF is refined and spreads around the world

Edwards and Steptoe established the Bourn Hall Clinic in Cambridge, the world's first centre for IVF therapy. Steptoe was its medical director until his death in 1988, and Edwards was its head of research until his retirement. Gynecologists and cell biologists from all around the world trained at Bourn Hall, where the methods of IVF were continuously refined. By 1986, 1,000 children had already been born following IVF at Bourn Hall, representing approximately half of all children born after IVF in the world at that time.

Today, IVF is an established therapy throughout the world. It has undergone several important improvements. For example, single sperm can be microinjected directly into the egg cell in the culture dish. This method has improved the treatment of male infertility by IVF. Furthermore, mature eggs suitable for IVF can be identified by ultrasound and removed with a fine syringe rather than through the laparoscope.

IVF is a safe and effective therapy. 20-30% of fertilized eggs lead to the birth of a child. Complications include premature births but are very rare, particularly when one egg only is inserted into the mother. Long-term follow-up studies have shown that IVF children are as healthy as other children.

Approximately four million individuals have been born thanks to IVF. Louise Brown and several other IVF children have given birth to children themselves; this is probably the best evidence for the safety and success of IVF therapy. Today, Robert Edwards' vision is a reality and brings joy to infertile people all over the world.

Robert G. Edwards was born in 1925 in Manchester, England. After military service in the Second World War, he studied biology at the University of Wales in Bangor and at Edinburgh University in Scotland, where he received his PhD in 1955 with a Thesis on embryonal development in mice. He became a staff scientist at the National Institute for Medical Research in London in 1958 and initiated his research on the human fertilization process. From 1963, Edwards worked in Cambridge, first at its university and later at Bourn Hall Clinic, the world's first IVF centre, which he founded together with Patrick Steptoe. Edwards was its research director for many years and he was also the editor of several leading scientific journals in the area of fertilization. Robert Edwards is currently professor emeritus at the University of Cambridge.

References:

Edwards RG. Maturation in vitro of human ovarian oocytes. Lancet 1965; 2:926-929.

Edwards RG, Bavister BD, Steptoe PC. Early stages of fertilization in vitro of human oocytes matured in vitro. Nature 1969; 221:632-635.

Edwards RG, Steptoe PC, Purdy JM. Fertilization and cleavage in vitro of human oocytes matured in vivo. Nature 1970; 227:1307-1309.

Steptoe PC, Edwards RG. Birth after the reimplantation of a human embryo. Lancet 1978; 2:366.

Edwards RG. The bumpy road to human in vitro fertilization. Nature Med 2001; 7:1091-4.

High resolution image (pdf 6 Mb)

The Nobel Assembly, consisting of 50 professors at Karolinska Institutet, awards the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Its Nobel Committee evaluates the nominations. Since 1901 the Nobel Prize has been awarded to scientists who have made the most important discoveries for the benefit of mankind.

http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2010/press.html

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http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2010/speedread.html

Speed Read

Making Mothers of Invention

Nowadays, there perhaps doesn't seem to be anything too remarkable about IVF (in vitro fertilization). With around 4 million babies so far born as a result of the technique, it has become a familiar and, for many, easily-accessible option to turn to when problems are encountered in conceiving a child. The idea of giving new life a boost by allowing sperm and egg to meet in the well-regulated surroundings of the laboratory is something we've come to rely on.

It wasn't always so. When, in the 1950s, Robert Edwards started contemplating his vision of helping childless couples to conceive by fertilizing the mothers' eggs outside the body and then replacing them in the womb, relatively little was known about human embryology. Although in vitro fertilization had already been demonstrated to work for other species under certain circumstances, the human reproductive cycle was discovered to be very different from that of other mammals. Before performing the feat of fertilization Edwards had therefore to determine the baseline conditions, such as when in their life cycle human eggs can be fertilized, what substances control their progress through that cycle and what conditions produce activated sperm that can actually fertilize an egg. In the process, he revealed much of what we know about human reproduction.

This groundwork seemed to come to fruition with Edwards' first demonstration of human in vitro fertilization in 1969, but these fertilized eggs never underwent more than a single cell division. Seeking an alternative source of human eggs, Edwards teamed-up with Patrick Steptoe, a gynaecologist, whose experimentation with the newly-introduced technique of laparoscopy allowed him to remove suitable eggs directly from women's ovaries. With this improvement, eggs fertilized in the laboratory fared better, dividing a number of times. However, barriers of a different sort now presented themselves. In 1971, in the midst of both societal and establishment resistance to the research, Edwards and Steptoe's funding organization, the UK's Medical Research Council, decided not to continue to support their work. The project was fortunately saved by private funding and in 1978, more than two decades after Edwards had his vision, Louise Brown, the world's first ‘test tube baby', was famously born in Oldham General Hospital in the UK.

Two years later Edwards and Steptoe founded the world's first centre for IVF treatment, the Bourn Hall Clinic near Cambridge, UK. Uptake of the technique spread widely and by 1986 there had been around 2000 births, half of them resulting from the work at Bourne Hall. Patrick Steptoe died in 1988, sadly too early to see the first generation of IVF babies grow into adulthood and witness the final confirmation, made apparent by their robust good health, of the overall safety of the procedure. Thirty-two years after that first IVF birth, the 4 million ‘IVF babies' worldwide now have a rather unusual boast: who else can say that the method of their conception was worthy of a Nobel Prize?

By Adam Smith, Editor-in-Chief, Nobelprize.org

First published 4 October 2010

Photo Gallery

Professor Robert Edwards at the Bourn Hall 30th birthday celebrations for first "test tube baby" Louise Brown. Photo taken 12 July 2008.
Photo: Kindly provided by Bourn Hall Clinic.

Professor Robert Edwards, Lesley Brown, Louise Brown, the world's first "test tube baby" with her son Cameron. Photo taken 12 July 2008.
Photo: Kindly provided by Bourn Hall Clinic.

Louise Brown, the world's first "test tube baby" with her mother Lesley. Photo taken 9 October, 1978.
Photo: Brian Bould / Daily Mail / Rex Features /IBL Bildbyrå

Professor Robert Edwards at his desk at Bourn Hall Clinic, England. Photo taken in 1989.
Photo: CORBIN O'GRADY STUDIO/ Science Photo Library / IBL Bildbyrå

Human embryos developing in vitro. The photos show a fertilized egg, 8-cell stage, cell adhesion, a compacted morula, a blastocyst and zona hatching.
Photo: Wikipedia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Early_human_embryos.png)

A light microscope image showing in vitro fertilization of an ovum. A needle (right) is used to inject a sperm cell directly into a human egg (centre). The broad object (left) is a pipette used to hold the ovum steady while the needle is inserted.
Photo: CC STUDIO/ SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY / IBL Bildbyrå

A light micrograph image showing the encounter between sperm and ovum during in vivo fertilization. A single sperm is seen in centre of the image approaching the circular oocyte. Other competing sperm and cells encompass the corona radiata, which forms a protective halo around the central oocyte, are visible at bottom.
Photo: EDELMANN/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY / IBL Bildbyrå

http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2010/edwards-photo.html

Moon Landing - 40th Anniversary - A Few Video Clips

2009-07-18T10:29:00.008+05:30

First Moon Landing 1969
Neil Armstrong One Small Step

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HCt1BwWE2gA

1969 Apollo 11 Neil Armstrong
NASA FIRST MOON LANDING

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CXqqeG-2MC4

First Moon Landing, One Shot, 1969, Apollo 11

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2BvbD-1qZtc

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r2vHgdx-In4

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aqlo_spATEM

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RMINSD7MmT4

Solar eclipse of July 22, 2009 - Some Videos and Clips

2009-07-14T10:55:00.004+05:30

Solar Eclipse on July 22, 2009
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j72K3-ZioCE

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N5iVniDnFVQ

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cgtdk9Fq0AQ

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uS8tv6akJo4

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CtcWFji0_d4

http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/SEmono/TSE2009/TSE2009.html
http://prajavaniepaper.com/svww_index1.php
http://www.nasa.gov/topics/solarsystem/features/eclipse/index.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_eclipse_of_July_22,_2009

The solar eclipse that will take place on Wednesday, July 22, 2009 will be a total eclipse of the Sun with a magnitude of 1.080 that will be visible from a narrow corridor through northern India, eastern Nepal, northern Bangladesh, Bhutan, the northern tip of Myanmar, central China and the Pacific Ocean, including the Ryukyu Islands, Marshall Islands and Kiribati. Totality will be visible in many cities such as Surat, Varanasi, Patna, Thimphu, Chengdu, Chongqing, Wuhan, Hangzhou and Shanghai, as well as over the Three Gorges Dam. A partial eclipse will be seen from the much broader path of the Moon’s penumbra, including most of South East Asia and north-eastern Oceania.
This solar eclipse is the longest total solar eclipse that will occur in the twenty-first century, and will not be surpassed in duration until June 13, 2132. Totality will last for up to 6 minutes and 39 seconds, with the maximum eclipse occurring in the ocean at 02:35:21 UTC about 100 km south of the Bonin Islands, southeast of Japan. The North Iwo Jima island is the landmass with totality time closest to maximum.

See also

Solar eclipse of July 11, 1991

Weather Forecast by Meteoblue for July 22, 2009 total solar eclipse

NASA homepage for July 22, 2009 total solar eclipse Interactive 2009 July 22

Total Solar Eclipse map with local circumstances

Map showing path of 2009 total solar eclipse

NASA site showing July 22, 2009 total solar eclipse path with Google Maps interaction

Table showing local circumstances for 2009 total solar eclipse

Maps animated at various geographical locations showing how the eclipsed sun appears for that city.

Solar Eclipse 2009 Images of the Eclipse from Spain by Crayford Manor House Astronomical Society

Safe Solar Eclipse Glasses, Viewers & Filters

Absolutely Safe for Direct Solar Viewing forTotal Solar Eclipse of 2009 July 22 China Japan India

Protect Your Eyes From Harmful Solar Radiation!!

Dream 2047 - A Popular Scientific Magazine - July 2009

2009-07-14T10:54:00.001+05:30

http://issuu.com/educationchitradurga/docs/dream_2047_englishjuly09

Open publication - Free publishing - More science

http://www.vigyanprasar.gov.in/index.asp

http://www.vigyanprasar.gov.in/dream/index1.asp

Career Opportunities after SSLC and PUC

2009-05-15T10:42:00.000+05:30

http://issuu.com/BedreManjunath/docs/career_opportunities_after_sslc

Open publication - Free publishing - More sudha ezine

SSLC 2009 Marks Card on Web - This much I scored

2009-05-01T13:31:00.002+05:30

Superman Samarth - My Brother - I Painted him

2009-04-28T13:45:00.002+05:30

2009 SSLC Question Papers and Model Answers are here

2009-04-10T13:38:00.003+05:30

2009 SSLC Question Papers and Model Answers are here

in eBOOK form

http://bedrefoundation.blogspot.com

http://chitradurgaddpi.blogspot.com

http://chitradurgascience.blogspot.com

www.kseeb.org

http://issuu.com/educationchitradurga/docs/english_second_language

Open publication - Free publishing - More prose

2009 March-April SSLC Examination - English Second Language Question Paper

http://issuu.com/educationchitradurga/docs/2009_sslc_second_language_english_key_answers

Open publication - Free publishing - More second

2009 March-April SSLC Examination - Second Language English - Key Answers

Very Useful Books - Desha Videshagala Parichaya & Nobel Prashasti Puraskrutaru of Navakarntanaka Publications

2009-03-20T10:28:00.003+05:30

Kannada Grammar Book that helped me a lot for my SSLC

2009-03-20T10:26:00.001+05:30

My SSLC Admission Ticket

2009-03-09T14:05:00.002+05:30

Subhashchandra Bose - The Hero of INA - We Salute Thee on your 112 Birth Day (23-01-2009)

2009-01-23T14:17:00.003+05:30

NETAJI SUBHASH CHANDRA BOSE
http://in.youtube.com/watch?v=kChz4uldQL8

INDIAN NATIONAL ARMY
http://in.youtube.com/watch?v=-tGe7aJtXm4

GREAT LEADER NETAJI SUBHASH CHANDRA BOSE Part-1
http://in.youtube.com/watch?v=uSyGjun_tgc

GREAT LEADER NETAJI SUBHASH CHANDRA BOSE Part-2
http://in.youtube.com/watch?v=m-ejuV9PE9A

INDIAS FREEDOM MOVEMENT - BOSE AND THE INDIAN NATIONAL ARMY
http://in.youtube.com/watch?v=7BVFsVkRf60

Kadam Kadam Bharaye Ja..
http://in.youtube.com/watch?v=XZ-Cjv1rnTM

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subhas_Chandra_Bose

Subhas Chandra Bose (Bengali: ¸born January 23, 1897; presumed to have died August 18, 1945 although this is disputed), popularly known as Netaji (literally "Respected Leader"), is one of the most respected politicians of modern India.
Bose was elected president of the Indian National Congress for two consecutive terms but resigned from the post following ideological conflicts with Mahatma Gandhi. Bose believed that Mahatma Gandhi’s tactics of non-violence would never be sufficient to secure India’s independence, and advocated violent resistance. He established a separate political party, the All India Forward Bloc and continued to call for the full and immediate independence of India from British rule. He was imprisoned by the British authorities eleven times.
His stance did not change with the outbreak of the Second World War, which he saw as an opportunity to take advantage of British weakness. At the outset of the war, he fled from India and travelled to the Soviet Union, Germany and Japan, seeking an alliance with the aim of attacking the British in India. With Japanese assistance, he re-organised and later led the Indian National Army, formed from Indian prisoners-of-war and plantation workers from Malaya, Singapore and other parts of Southeast Asia, against British forces. With Japanese monetary, political, diplomatic and military assistance, he formed the Azad Hind Government in exile and regrouped and led the Indian National Army in battle against the allies at Imphal and in Burma.
His political views and the alliances he made with Nazi and other militarist regimes at war with Britain have been the cause of arguments among historians and politicians, with some accusing him of Fascist sympathies, while others in India have been more sympathetic towards the inculcation of realpolitik as a manifesto that guided his social and political choices. He is believed to have died on 18 August 1945 in a plane crash over Taiwan. However, contradictory evidence exists regarding his death in the accident.
Bose advocated complete freedom for India at the earliest, whereas the Congress Committee wanted it in phases, through a Dominion status. Other younger leaders including Jawaharlal Nehru supported Bose and finally at the historic Lahore Congress convention, the Congress had to adopt Poorna Swaraj (complete freedom) as its motto. Bhagat Singh’s martyrdom and the inability of the Congress leaders to save his life infuriated Bose and he started a movement opposing the Gandhi-Irwin Peace Pact. He was imprisoned and expelled from India. But defying the ban, he came back to India and was imprisoned again.
Early Life
Subhash Chandra Bose was born on January 23rd 1897 in Cuttack as the ninth child among fourteen, of Janakinath Bose, an advocate, and Prabhavati Devi, a pious and God-fearing lady. A brilliant student, he attended a private school for European and Anglo-Indian boys run by the Baptist Mission and later a preparatory school. Bose topped the matriculation examination of Calcutta province and passed his B.A. in Philosophy from the Scottish Church College in Calcutta.
At college in Calcutta, Bose became politically and socially aware. British insults to Indians in public places hurt him deeply. He personally suffered in an incident involving an English professor who had manhandled some students, and as a result Bose left the college.
Bose went to study in Cambridge, and his high score on civil service exams meant an almost automatic appointment. He then took his first conscious step as a revolutionary and resigned the appointment on the premise that the "best way to end a government is to withdraw from it." At the time, Indian nationalists were shock and outraged because of the Amritsar massacre and the repressive Rowlatt legislation of 1919. Returning to India, Bose wrote for the newspaper Swaraj and took charge of publicity for the Bengal Provincial Congress Committee. His mentor was C. R. Das, spokesman for the aggressive nationalism in Bengal. Bose worked for Das when the latter was elected mayor of Calcutta in 1924. In a roundup of nationlists in 1925, Bose was arrested and sent to prison in Mandalay, where he contracted tuberculosis.[1]
He was a devout Hindu and spent much time in meditation.[2] He was strongly influenced by Swami Vivekananda’s teachings and was known for his patriotic zeal as a student.
Bose in National Politics
Main article: Forward Bloc
Released from prison 2 years later, Bose became general secretary of the Congress party and worked with Jawaharlal Nehru for independence. Again Bose was arrested and jailed for civil disobedience; this time he emerged mayor of Calcutta. During the mid-1930s Bose traveled in Europe, visiting Indian students and European politicians, as well as Hitler in 1936. He observed party organization and saw communism and fascism in action.[3]
By 1938 Bose had become a leader of national stature and agreed to accept nomination as Congress president. He stood for unqualified Swaraj (independence), including the use of force against the British. This meant a confrontation with Mohandas Gandhi, who in fact opposed Bose’s presidency, splitting the Congress party. Bose attempted to maintain unity, but Gandhi advised Bose to form his own cabinet. The rift also divided Bose and Nehru. Bose appeared at the 1939 Congress meeting on a stretcher. Though he was elected president again, over Gandhi’s preferred candidate Pattabhi Sitaramayya, this time differences with Gandhi led to Bose’s resignation. "I am an extremist, " Bose once said, and his uncompromising stand finally cut him off from the mainstream of Indian nationalism.[4] Bose then organized the Forward Bloc with the aim of consolidating the political left, but its main strength was in his home state, Bengal. He envisioned a strong state, a synthesis of Fascism and Communism.
When war erupted in Europe, Bose was again imprisoned for civil disobedience and put under house arrest to await trial. He escaped and made his way to Berlin by way of Peshawar and Afghanistan. In Europe, Bose sought help from Germany for the liberation of India. He got Nazi permission to organize the Indian Legion of prisoners of war from Africa, but the legion remained basically German in training. Bose felt the need for stronger steps, and he turned to the Japanese embassy in Berlin, which finally made arrangements for Bose to go to Asia. Bose’s impressive appearance and charisma attracted women admirers, including his Austrian secretary, whom he secretly married and by whom he had a daughter. It was also in Germany that Bose acquired his popular name, "Netaji."
Indian National Army
Main article: Indian National Army
Military parade of the INA at the Padang on 5 July 1943.
Arriving in Tokyo in May 1943, Bose attracted the attention of the Japanese high command, including Hideki Tojo, Japan’s premier. The Japanese agreed to cooperate in founding an Indian National Army (INA) in Southeast Asia. Bose was flown to Singapore and became commander of the INA and head of the Free India provisional government. The INA included both Indian prisoners of war from Singapore and Indian civilians in Southeast Asia. The strength of INA grew to 50, 000 and fought Allied forces in 1944 inside the borders of India at Imphal and in Burma. For Bose any means and any ally were acceptable in the struggle to liberate India. By the end of World War II none of Bose’s Axis allies had helped, and Bose then turned to the Soviet Union. [5] Three officers of the INA were tried after the war in Delhi; the trial attracted so much popular sympathy (including statements by Nehru and Gandhi that the men were great patriots) that the British decision to withdraw from India followed. Bose indirectly and posthumously achieved his goal of Indian independence. [6]
[edit] Disappearance and Alleged Death
Main article: Death of Subhash Chandra Bose
Renkoji temple (Japan)
Officially, Bose died in a plane crash over Taiwan, while flying to Tokyo on 18 August 1945. It is believed that he was en route to the Soviet Union in a Japanese plane when it crashed in Taiwan, burning him fatally. However, his body was never recovered, and many theories have been put forward concerning his possible survival. One such claim is that Bose actually died in Siberia, while in Soviet captivity. Several committees have been set up by the Government of India to probe into this matter.
In May 1956, a four-man Indian team (known as the Shah Nawaz Committee) visited Japan to probe the circumstances of Bose’s alleged death. The Indian government did not then request assistance from the government of Taiwan in the matter, citing their lack of diplomatic relations with Taiwan.
However, the Inquiry Commission under Justice Mukherjee, which investigated the Bose disappearance mystery in the period 1999-2005, did approach the Taiwanese government, and obtained information from the Taiwan Government that no plane carrying Bose had ever crashed in Taipei.[7] The Mukherjee Commission also received a report originating from the US State Department, supporting the claim of the Taiwan Government that no such air crash took place during that time frame.[8]
The Justice Mukherjee Commission of Inquiry submitted its report to the Indian Government on November 8, 2005. The report was tabled in Parliament on May 17, 2006. The probe said in its report that Bose did not die in the plane crash and the ashes at the Renkoji Temple are not his. However, the Indian Government rejected the findings of the Commission.
Mysterious Monk
Main article: Bhagwanji
Several people believed that the Hindu sanyasi named Bhagwanji, who lived in Faizabad, near Ayodhya and died in 1985, was Subhas Chandra Bose in exile. There had been at least four known occasions when Bhagwanji said he was Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose.[9] The belongings of the sanyasi were taken into custody after his death, following a court order in this regard. These were later subjected to the inspection by the Justice Mukherjee Commission of Inquiry. The commission refuted this belief, in the absence of any ‘clinching evidence’.[10] The independent probe done by the Hindustan Times into this case had provided hints that the monk was Bose himself.[11] The life and works of Bhagwanji remain a mystery even today.
Political Views
Bose’s earlier correspondence (prior to 1939) also reflects his deep disapproval of the racist practices of, and annulment of democratic institutions in Nazi Germany.[12] He also, however, expressed admiration for the authoritarian methods (though not the racial ideologies) which he saw in Italy and Germany during the 1930s, and thought they could be used in building an independent India.[13]
Bose had clearly expressed his belief that democracy was the best option for India.[14] The pro-Bose thinkers believe that his authoritarian control of the Azad Hind was based on political pragmatism and a post-colonial recovery doctrine rather than any anti-democratic belief.[citation needed] However, during the war (and possibly as early as the 1930s) Bose seems to have decided that no democratic system could be adequate to overcome India’s poverty and social inequalities, and he wrote that an authoritarian state, similar to that of Soviet Russia (which he had also seen and admired) would be needed for the process of national re-building.[15] Accordingly some suggest that Bose’s alliance with the Axis during the war was based on more than just pragmatism, and that Bose was a militant nationalist , though not a Nazi, nor a Fascist,for he supported empowerment of women, secularism and other democratic ideas; alternatively, others consider he might have been using populist methods of mobilisation common to many post-colonial leaders.

75th Kannada Sahithya Sammelana - Invitation to all Kannada Lovers

2009-01-17T13:56:00.001+05:30

ಸರ್ವರಿಗೂ ಸುಸ್ವಾಗತ

ಸಂಪೂರ್ಣ ಆಹ್ವಾನ ಪತ್ರಿಕೆ ವೀಕ್ಷಿಸಲು ಇಲ್ಲಿ ಕ್ಲಿಕ್ಕಿಸಿರಿ

http://bedrebrains.blogspot.com/

Video clips on Indus Valley Civilization and Power Point Presentation by Dr. B.P. Kumar

2009-01-08T13:49:00.001+05:30

http://chitradurgahistory.blogspot.com/

Video clips on Indus Valley Civilization and Power Point Presentation by Dr. B.P. Kumar

http://in.youtube.com/watch?v=SdGbamPgf8o

http://in.youtube.com/watch?v=BqLOXIIV45I

http://in.youtube.com/watch?v=krJ4J5RWPCE

http://in.youtube.com/watch?v=_J1Nd9BeLVw

Seminar on Indus Valley Civilization held at Sirigere on 03-01-2009 Resource Person Dr. B. P. Kumar, HOD of History, AVK College, Davanagere

Happy New Year 2009 - International Year of Astronomy

2008-12-31T21:04:00.001+05:30

Happy New Year 2009

International Year of Astronomy

2009 - International Year of Astronomy

2008-12-29T20:38:00.001+05:30

2009 - International Year of Astronomy
http://www.astronomy2009.org/

http://ama09.obspm.fr/ama09/open.php?body=oprog.html

The International Year of Astronomy 2009 is a global effort initiated by the International Astronomical Union and UNESCO to help the citizens of the world rediscover their place in the Universe through the day- and night-time sky, and thereby engage a personal sense of wonder and discovery.VisionEveryone should realise the impact of astronomy and other fundamental sciences on our daily lives, and understand how scientific knowledge can contribute to a more equitable and peaceful society. IYA2009 activities will take place locally, nationally, regionally and internationally. National Nodes have been formed in each country to prepare activities for 2009. These nodes will establish collaborations between professional and amateur astronomers, science centres and science communicators to prepare activities for 2009. Already now, 135 countries are involved and well over 140 are expected to participate eventually.To help coordinate this huge global programme and to provide an important resource for the participating countries, the IAU has established a central Secretariat and an IYA2009 website (www.astronomy2009.org) as the principal IYA2009 resource for public, professionals and media alike.

IYA 2009 International Year of Astronomy

IYA 2009 International Year of Astronomy
http://in.youtube.com/watch?v=JWtuQ7gOj8o

A 3D Tour of the Universe
http://in.youtube.com/watch?v=fuKcTN-VwCw

A Tour of the Universe

http://in.youtube.com/watch?v=ux5iEix2y4E

Tour Through Reality
http://in.youtube.com/watch?v=X8Aurpr68uE

ome to the Universe (Trailer)
http://in.youtube.com/watch?v=M5McvNTdEAE

Welcome to Hubble's Universe
http://in.youtube.com/watch?v=PhoJCJZNi8Q

What is the Universe?
http://in.youtube.com/watch?v=gIr9TQnV25A

SSLC - Live Phone in Programmes on ALL INDIA RADIO Chitradurga from 28-12-2008

2008-12-18T10:33:00.005+05:30

ಆಕಾಶವಾಣಿ ಚಿತ್ರದುರ್ಗ

ಜಿಲ್ಲಾ ಸಾರ್ವಜನಿಕ ಶಿಕ್ಷಣ ಇಲಾಖೆ

ಸರ್ವಶಿಕ್ಷಾ ಅಭಿಯಾನ ಯೋಜನೆ - ಚಿತ್ರದುರ್ಗ

ಎಸ್.ಎಸ್.ಎಲ್.ಸಿ. ವಿದ್ಯಾರ್ಥಿಗಳಿಗೆ ಪರೀಕ್ಷಾ ಸಿದ್ಧತೆ

ಪ್ರಾಯೋಜಿತ ವಿಶೇಷ ನೇರ ಫೋನ್-ಇನ್-ಕಾರ್ಯಕ್ರಮ

ಪ್ರತಿ ಭಾನುವಾರ ಬೆಳಗ್ಗೆ 9.00 ರಿಂದ 9.30 ರವರೆಗೆ
ಈ ಕಾರ್ಯಕ್ರಮಗಳಿಗೆ ಬಳಸಬಹುದಾದ ಫೋನ್ ಸಂಖ್ಯೆಗಳು

223271 ಮತ್ತು 223272 ಎಸ್.ಟಿ.ಡಿ. : 95-8194

ಸಂಪರ್ಕ ವಿಳಾಸ : ನಿಲಯದ ನಿರ್ದೇಶಕರು,

ಆಕಾಶವಾಣಿ ಕೇಂದ್ರ,ಚಿತ್ರದುರ್ಗ - 577 501 ಫೋ: 22328

http://chitradurgaddpu.blogspot.com/

ಆಕಾಶವಾಣಿ ಚಿತ್ರದುರ್ಗ
ಜಿಲ್ಲಾ ಪದವಿ ಪೂರ್ವ ಮತ್ತು ವೃತ್ತಿ ಶಿಕ್ಷಣ ಇಲಾಖೆ
ಚಿತ್ರದುರ್ಗ

ಹಲೋ ಯುವತರಂಗ!

ದ್ವಿತೀಯ ಪಿ.ಯು.ಸಿ. ವಿದ್ಯಾರ್ಥಿಗಳಿಗೆ ಪರೀಕ್ಷಾ ಸಿದ್ಧತೆ
ಪ್ರಾಯೋಜಿತ ವಿಶೇಷ ನೇರ ಫೋನ್-ಇನ್-ಕಾರ್ಯಕ್ರಮ
ಪ್ರತಿ ಶನಿವಾರ ಸಂಜೆ 7.45ರಿಂದ 8.15ರವರೆಗೆ

ಈ ಕಾರ್ಯಕ್ರಮಗಳಿಗೆ ಬಳಸಬಹುದಾದ ಫೋನ್ ಸಂಖ್ಯೆಗಳು
223271 ಮತ್ತು 223272 ಎಸ್.ಟಿ.ಡಿ. : 95-8194

ಸಂಪರ್ಕ ವಿಳಾಸ : ನಿಲಯದ ನಿರ್ದೇಶಕರು, ಆಕಾಶವಾಣಿ ಕೇಂದ್ರ,
ಚಿತ್ರದುರ್ಗ - 577 501 ಫೋ: 22328